Electron wani nau'i ne na ɓangarorin farko tare da takamaiman taro da caji mara kyau. Yana iya yin motsi iri biyu; daya shi ne ya motsa a kan kewayar kewayen tsakiya, ɗayan kuma shi ne ya juya a kan gatari da ke wucewa ta tsakiyarsa. Tunda motsin electrons yana samar da lokuta, ana samar da igiyoyi da lokacin maganadisu yayin motsi. A cikin filin maganadisu akai-akai H, lokacin maganadisu na lantarki yana aiki kamar ƙaramin sandar maganadisu ko allura. Tun da juzu'in adadi na lantarki shine 1/2, lantarki yana da hanyoyi guda biyu kawai a cikin filin maganadisu na waje: ɗayan yana daidai da H, daidai da ƙarancin makamashi Level, makamashi shine -1/2gβH; daya yana gaba da H, daidai da matakin makamashi mai girma, makamashi shine + 1/2gβH, kuma bambancin makamashi tsakanin matakan biyu shine gβH. Idan a cikin shugabanci daidai da H, ana ƙara igiyoyin lantarki na mita v don saduwa da yanayin hv=gβH, ƙananan makamashin lantarki suna ɗaukar makamashin lantarki na lantarki kuma suna tsalle zuwa matakin makamashi mafi girma, wanda ake kira electromagnetic resonance na lantarki. .